Le statut de la raison dans la systématique kantienne de la religion : une lecture analytico-critique de la religion dans les limites de la simple raison (1793)

Abstract

This thesis investigates the status of reason in Kant’s systematic approach to religion, with a particular focus on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (1793). The study is structured in tree parts. The first part reconstructs the intellectual background of kant's through: after brief biography of Kant and an overview of enlightenment, it highest the specificity of kantian reason in its articulation between knowledge, Morality, and religion. The second part develop an analytical reading of kant's work in order to show how reason functions as the criterion of validity for religion, how faith is conceived as the moral extension of reason, and how kant’s critique of historical and institutional believers. The third part offers a critical evolution of this project: it discusses both the limits and criticisms of Kant’s rational religion, while emphasizing its ethical significance and its relevance to contempory debates on the relationship between reason and religion. The central research question Can be formulated as follows: How does Kant redefine the relationship between reason and religion in order to ground a Universal religion of morality, freed from theoretical dogmas and historical institutions? The research hypotheses is that kant's rational religion should not be reduced to a mere moralization of religion., rather, it repent an attempt to universalize the religious dimension through piratical reason, there by safeguarding the autonomy of moral faith while creating a critical distance from positive forms of religion. The overall, aim is to demonstrate that kant’s philosophy offers an original frame work for understanding relation as a universal ethical dimension, beyond any confessional dogmatism and that it retains a critical and contempory philosophical and theological debates.