Géopolitique de la diffusion du mandarin au Cameroun (1971-2024)

Abstract

This work, entitled ‘’Geopolitics of Mandarin’s Diffusion in Cameroon (1971–2024)’’, analyzes the strategies implemented by China to spread Mandarin in Cameroon, as well as their geopolitical implications. The central question is as follows: Does the diffusion of Mandarin in Cameroon stem solely from cultural cooperation, or does it take place within an international context marked by geopolitical rivalry in which culture becomes an instrument of power? To answer this question, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on fields related to history such as Political Science, Anthropology, the Sociology of International Relations, and Communication. The support of neorealism and neofunctionalism theories made it possible to better understand the often implicit stakes surrounding this diffusion. This research is based on primary sources (oral sources, archival data, and official documents) and secondary sources (books, scientific articles, academic works, and digital sources). These materials underwent rigorous critical analysis to eliminate any distortions. The study reveals that the diffusion of Mandarin in Cameroon follows the logic of the spillover effect, meaning that the language serves as a vehicle through which China extends its influence into other areas such as politics, health, and the economy. This cultural offensive notably involves the granting of government scholarships and the action of Confucius Institutes. It also relies on health and sports diplomacy, which help to attract and win over the Cameroonian public. However, Confucius Institutes officially dedicated to promoting Chinese language and culture can also be perceived as instruments of acculturation. In the face of this growing Chinese soft power, it is up to Cameroonian authorities to develop strategies to limit excessive cultural exposure by promoting national culture, demanding reciprocity in exchanges, and adopting a critical stance to preserve the balance of the so-called “win-win” partnership.