De la post humanité à la post politique : une analyse critique de Demain les post humains. Le futur a-t-il encore besoin de nous ? De Jean-Michel BESNIER

Abstract

The quest for the explanatory principle of all things has been at the heart of philosophy, from the pre-Socratics to modern times. Man seeks to understand nature, the universe, and himself. A great philosophy of wisdom, consciousness, and subjectivity will emerge and endure over time. It will impact individual and social consciousness. Each people will experience humanity by asking the question: what is man? Thus, the philosophy of the search for the foundations of our actions and thoughts has structured human imagination. Everything will be measured in relation to nature and man himself. The pre Socratics will seek this explanatory principle of things only in nature. Subsequently, the philosophers of the city see man as the founding principle of all things. It is the Socratic school that will push further research on the foundations of all things. Socrates and his followers will seek this principle in a dialectical relationship between man and nature, and between man and the gods. Thus, this form of knowledge will be transmitted from generation to generation for over 17 centuries. And this knowledge will be based on certainties, ideas, and wisdom. The rupture occurs with the entry into play of the experimental method, which announces a new form of knowledge: science. In this new mode of knowledge, theoretical knowledge is linked to mechanical arts. Hence the name technoscience. It is characterized by experimentation, measurement, verification, and objectivity. This new type of scientific knowledge comes to subjugate philosophical knowledge by proposing to objectively resolve the insurmountable contradictions of philosophy. And one of these major contradictions is that of human nature or condition. Science today claims that the man of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Rousseau is outdated. And Jean-Michel Besnier seems to share this opinion. So, is the book by this author entitled "Demain les posthumains" a provocative or thought-provoking work? In any case, it is what justifies our thesis theme: "From Posthumanity to Postpolitics: A Critical Analysis of 'Demain les posthumains. Le futur a-t-il encore besoin de nous?' by Jean-Michel Besnier". Besnier supports the thesis that the man of the future risks being a posthuman, a cyborg, an avatar, a bionic man, if we do not take care of it from now on; and that this will have a significant impact on ethical and political levels. Our opinion on this thesis by Besnier is that the posthuman is a methodological fiction, a working hypothesis, a fear that haunts contemporary man at the idea of losing control over everything, including himself, with the emergence of NBIC. In other words, for us, technoscientific determinism will precede conventional determinism of future political society if nothing is done from now on.