Assessment of the effect of the aqueous extract of Terminalia superba on the reproductive function of male rats

Abstract

Male reproductive health is essential for fertility and also plays a key role in a fulfilling sex life. Increasing attention has been given to natural compounds these recent years for their potential to enhance reproductive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Terminalia superba on the reproductive function of normal male rats. For this study, twenty-five (25) adult male rats (12 weeks old, 150–180 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n=5). Group I received distilled water (10 ml/kg) orally, Groups II–IV were administered Terminalia superba aqueous extract at doses of 43, 86, and 172 mg/kg orally, and Group V received testosterone enanthate via intramuscular injection once a week. Sexual behaviour was assessed before and after the treatment. On the 29th day, blood and androgen-dependent organs (testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate) were collected for biochemical, histological, and sperm analyses. The extract significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) sexual performance, with the highest dose (172 mg/kg) producing the greatest increase in mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations. Biochemical analysis showed that treatment with 172 mg/kg of the extract increased cholesterol and fructose levels by 58.1% and 40.8%, respectively, and testosterone levels by over 5-fold compared to the control group. Histology of the testes showed an increase in the concentration of sperm at all extract doses. Furthermore, sperm analysis indicated enhanced motility, especially at higher doses (86 and 172 mg/kg). However, markers of oxidative stress (SOD, catalase, MDA) remained largely unchanged. Overall, these findings suggest that Terminalia superba aqueous extract improves male reproductive function, with stronger effects at higher doses.