La question de la justice comme équité chez John Rawls : une lecture de théorie de la justice

Abstract

Our research focuses on the question of justice in Rawls. He proposes a vision of justice based on two principles: the principle of equal freedom and the principle of difference. It is this principled binomial that he presents as an alternative to the dominant utilitarian ethic. His aim is to develop a new approach to justice based on equity, which offers new ways of analyzing many contemporary social problems. The aim of this thesis is to understand the foundations of the theory of justice as fairness, and to analyze its implications for today's societies. The problem addressed here is that of the foundations of a just society. Faced with persistent inequalities and differences in socio-economic status, it is essential to propose an approach that can guarantee a fair and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities between members of society. Thus, to establish his principles of justice, Rawls places the partners under an assumption of thought he calls the "veil of ignorance" in the hope that these chosen principles of justice will not be violated, for here, the partners are unaware of all the characteristics of their particular traits. But under what conditions and in what ways can the principles of justice as fairness be applied to today's societies? In other words, under what conditions is it possible to redefine justice today on the basis of John Rawls? Or, more to the point, what are the conditions of possibility for a just society? To address these concerns, we use an analytical- critical approach to account for the structure of our work. All in all, by offering a solid conceptual framework based on equitable principles of justice, this theory proposes potential solutions for reducing inequalities and promoting social justice. The results of our research have enabled us to contribute to a better understanding of Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, and to propose a new approach to democracy that can take account of cultural diversity and achieve a more just and equitable society.