Étudiants tchadiens et stratégies de survie au Cameroun. Analyse des logiques et contraintes de La débrouille en contexte de précarité à Yaoundé

Abstract

This research which focuses on "Survival strategies and Tchadian students in Cameroon. Analysis of the logic and constraints of resourcefulness in a precarious context in Yaounde" was motivated by the emergence of Tchadian students' resourcefulness in the city of Yaoundé face to the increase of precariousness. In fact, despite family assistance and resourcefulness, precariousness persists among Tchadian students. Thus, the problem arising from this research is the socio-economic precariousness of Tchadian students living in Yaoundé. The main question of this research is: What are the undrlying rationales for resourcefulness of Tchadian students in Yaoundé? The main hypothesis stems from this question: Tchadian students in Cameroon are resourcefulness as a result of a set of unfavourable conditions to their academic progress and social florishment. The qualitative approach was that used in this study. Two theoretical frameworks guided this research. These were BOUDON Raymond's methodological individualism and CROZIER Michel and FRIEBERG Erhard's strategic analysis. Data collection was based on documentary research, semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The data was collected from a survey, who were resourcefulness students in the fields of trade, guarding, hairdressing, gambling and motorbike taxis. The data obtained was processed and analysed using content analysis. At the end of this research, we came to the following conclusions: firstly, the forms taken by resourcefulness are trading, guarding, hairdressing, gambling and motorbike-taxi. Secondly, the reasons behind the resourcefulness of Tchadian students are precarious living conditions, limited family resources and poor management of financial resources. Thirdly, the constraints that students face in their resourcefulness are, on the one hand, those inherent in their profession and working conditions and, on the other, those linked to placement and subcontracting in certain services. Lastly, colocation, collective financial contributions and community groups are strategies developed by Tchadian students living in Cameroon to ensure their survival.