La conception contemporaine de l’aliénation chez Kwame Nkrumah. Essai sur les formes contournées de la domination

Abstract

In the second half of the 20th century, the prevailing context in Africa is that of cultural, political and economic liberation struggles through movements such as negritude and pan- africanism. The first aims at the restoration of the negro cultural identity while the second, nourished by the sap of Kwame Nkrumah’s “philosophical consciencism”, is a political emancipation movement with dual objectives, the total freedom of Africa and the political unity of the States which compose it. This research work is interested in the problem of cultural alienation and the political domination of african peoples. By updating the debate from “circumvented forms of domination” tied up by the phenomenon of globalization, it is a question of examining the conditions of possibility of the liberation of contemporary Africa and its integral emancipation in a barely veiled neo-colonial context. It is clear that it is to “evolved neo-colonialism” that the current condition of alienation theorized by Nkrumah must be linked. Through the historical-critical method, this research firstly allows an outline of the phenomena of “alienation” and “domination”. Secondly, it is a deciphering of critical theories of the colonial alienation in the ghanaian philosopher and politician. Such a reflective enterprise makes it possible, to ultimately, show the influence of these theories on the cultural, political and economic development of the african continent. At the end, this research work makes a critical evaluation of Nkrumah’s philosophical thought and, beyond that, proposes new avenues of reflection. Faced with the new global hegemonism in terms of health, medical pan- africanism, having medicinal consciencism as its ideological substrate, is one of the theoretical perspectives that opens up and offers itself to this epistemological field. It is understood, both as, a critical theory and a movement against the macabre bacterial threats orchestrated by the lobbying of the pharmaceutical industry.