Lien et fixation des schèmes chez les sujets déficients intellectuels : Cas des Imoc.

Abstract

The issue of empowerment of people with special needs, including IMC/IMOC carriers, is currently one of the major concerns of politicians and scientists in Africa and Cameroon. Indeed, researchers and practitioners in African countries, like those in industrialized countries, cannot avoid asking the question of the humanity of people with mental disabilities. This is a considerable challenge for which it is necessary to avoid limiting educational care to day care modalities for children, adolescents and adults with disabilities; acts sometimes carried out under the guise of charitable action in order to clear one's conscience. To this observation must correspond the fact that we have observed that BMI/OCI can acquire social skills but, due to forgetting or an inability to express them in the different contexts of school, they cannot manifest them in terms of social skills. In fact, they may, in an educational context, be able to do something and do it well. These subjects seem to have difficulties in recalling the succession of typical behavioural patterns corresponding to specific situations, as well as difficulties in generalizing behavioural patterns to new and unexpected contexts. It is under these conditions that we were led to emphasize the system of relationships underlying the experience of these subjects. Hence our question about them: "Does the relationship influence the setting of patterns in IMOC subjects? ». In this respect, it is appropriate to focus on the influence of resilient and disabling links on the setting of patterns in IMOC subjects. Hence our research hypothesis that "Linkage influences pattern fixation in IMOC subjects". Two research hypotheses arise from this: HR1: "Resilient association influences pattern fixation in IMOC subjects", and HR2: "Disabling association influences pattern fixation in IMOC subjects". To carry out our research we met 7 BMI/IMOC subjects at the specialized school of PROMHANDICAM. We observed their actions in relation to our research concerns. We also conducted interviews with their parents and teachers. The data collected was presented in Chapter 5. The results are interpreted in Chapter 6. It appears that working in a resilient setting all subjects had satisfactory results. This indicates the impact of the quality of the link on the performance of BMI/CMI subjects. Hence it appears that our hypothesis is tested and that the linkage influences pattern fixation in BMI/COI subjects. Consequently, - The disabling link is a factor that inhibits the acquisition and fixation of skills in BMI/COI subjects. - The environment in which the resilient bond prevails allows BMI/COI subjects to acquire skills even in areas requiring good motor skills. - Improving the quality of the subject's bond can lead to significant changes in their performance in educational situations and in pattern setting. At the end of our study, suggestions were made to improve the educational care of subjects with IMOC in Cameroon and elsewhere.