Violences en milieu scolaire et stratégies de lutte au Cameroun : facteurs et acteurs au sein du Lycée classique de Nkolbisson et du complexe scolaire Yona (Yaoundé 7)

Abstract

The phenomenon of violence in the school environment in Cameroon is a worrying issue both for the actors of education and national security. Nowadays with the effects of globalization, we witness the manifestation of violence in the educational sector. So, the principal aim of this memory is to question why the phenomenon of violence is highly increasing in the school environment of Yaounde 7, precisely in the government high school of Nkolbisson and the Yona complex both located in Nkolbisson. This research therefore sets out to answer the fundamental question, including: what are the different factors that make possible the phenomenon of violence in the classical high school of Nkolbisson and the Yona school complex? From this concern, a main hypothesis has been formulated which postulates that: social inequalities, the crisis of family education, digitalization and urbanization are the main factors that make violence possible at the classic high school of Nkolbisson and at the complex school Yona. Such, many proceeding theories and methodologies are put in place to analyze the descriptive factors and the different actors of school violence, the strategy of reply, the risks, and the implications of this phenomenon of violence in the school environment. Based on a qualitative inquiry realized with some 52 actors in school (students, teachers, and administrative staff), of the government high school Nkolbisson and the school complex Yona, we were able to understand the different logic and rationalities of principal actors involved in violence in school campus. In terms of results, we noticed that the crises of sociability, social difference, urbanization, institutional factors, and those related to the actors are the principal factors that explain the explosion of the phenomenon of violence in the school environment in Yaounde 7. Looking at these factors, we observe that the administrative staff of Government High School Nkolbisson and school complex Yona are putting in place many strategies of defense, not only to insure the security of actors but also to preserve a good image of the schools.