Les déplacés internes face aux Mécanisme d’insertion socio-économique dans la localité de Mora Extrême-Nord Cameroun

Abstract

Several factors are responsible for internal migration in the Far North region. These include climatic hazards, inter-ethnic conflicts and droughts. However, most of the internal displacement of people in this region is linked to the armed conflicts in the region. These displaced persons face multiple problems that limit their socio-economic integration in this area. This is the case in the department of Mayo SAVA, a situation that led us to work on this theme. Our research, which focuses on the socio-economic integration of IDPs in the locality of Mora, in the Far North region of Cameroon, aims to analyze the factors that can facilitate the resilience of IDPs in the commune of Mora. This study aims first of all to take stock of the situation of IDPs in Mora, and then to identify the mechanisms put in place by the state and its partners to facilitate the process of socio-economic integration of IDPs in this locality, in order to describe their daily life with the host population and the constraints linked to their sustainable integration into this host community. To do this, our work started from the question of how the socio economic integration of IDPs in Mora is going. To answer this question, we formulated the following central hypothesis: there are mechanisms in place to facilitate the integration of displaced persons, set up by the state and its partners, but there are both situational and structural realities that affect the resilience of the internally displaced population in Mora. As for the methodology applied, it was based on qualitative and quantitative investigation tools such as documentary research, direct observation, semistructured interviews, life stories, and questionnaires, and on three analytical theories: Gary Becker's theory of human capital, George Herbert Mead's symbolic interactionism, and Harold Gafinkel's ethnomethodology. These theoretical approaches allowed us to analyze and understand the life situation of IDPs. The results of this research show that, despite the practice of small trades, IDPs in Mora live in a humanitarian emergency situation and are confronted with problems of food, education, access to health care, housing and the supply of drinking water. In addition, there are inter-ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, social exclusion, land conflicts and ongoing conflicts in the area. These different problems limit their development in this community.